Quantifying optimal resource allocation strategies for controlling epidemics.

Frequent emergence of communicable diseases is a major concern worldwide. Lack of sufficient resources to mitigate the disease burden makes the situation even more challenging for lower-income countries. Hence, strategy development for disease eradication and optimal management of the social and economic burden has garnered a lot of attention in recent years. In this context, we quantify the optimal fraction of resources that can be allocated to two major intervention measures, namely reduction of disease transmission and improvement of healthcare infrastructure. Our results demonstrate that the effectiveness of each of the interventions has a significant impact on the optimal resource allocation in both long-term disease dynamics and outbreak scenarios. The optimal allocation strategy for long-term dynamics exhibits non-monotonic behaviour with respect to the effectiveness of interventions, which differs from the more intuitive strategy recommended in the case of outbreaks. Further, our results indicate that the relationship between investment in interventions and the corresponding increase in patient recovery rate or decrease in disease transmission rate plays a decisive role in determining optimal strategies. Intervention programmes with decreasing returns promote the necessity for resource sharing. Our study provides fundamental insights into determining the best response strategy when controlling epidemics in resource-constrained situations.

Analysis and Prediction of COVID-19 Multivariate Data Using Deep Ensemble Learning Methods.

The global economy has suffered losses as a result of the COVID-19 epidemic. Accurate and effective predictive models are necessary for the governance and readiness of the healthcare system and its resources and, ultimately, for the prevention of the spread of illness. The primary objective of the project is to build a robust, universal method for predicting COVID-19-positive cases. Collaborators will benefit from this while developing and revising their pandemic response plans. For accurate prediction of the spread of COVID-19, the research recommends an adaptive gradient LSTM model (AGLSTM) using multivariate time series data. RNN, LSTM, LASSO regression, Ada-Boost, Light Gradient Boosting and KNN models are also used in the research, which accurately and reliably predict the course of this unpleasant disease. The proposed technique is evaluated under two different experimental conditions. The former uses case studies from India to validate the methodology, while the latter uses data fusion and transfer-learning techniques to reuse data and models to predict the onset of COVID-19. The model extracts important advanced features that influence the COVID-19 cases using a convolutional neural network and predicts the cases using adaptive LSTM after CNN processes the data. The experiment results show that the output of AGLSTM outperforms with an accuracy of 99.81% and requires only a short time for training and prediction.

Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Healthcare-Associated Clostridioides Difficile Infection Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Background/Aim: Diarrhoea that occurs as a result of the presence of Clostridium difficile (reclassified as Clostridioides difficile) is usually manifested as a hospital infection, usually after antibiotic treatment. The study aim was to assess the incidence, characteristics and outcomes of hospitalised patients with healthcare – associated Clostridioides difficile infection (HA-CDI) before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included patients older than 18, who met the HA-CDI case definition. The CDI diagnosis was made by demonstrating toxins A and B in stool samples using an immunochromatographic assay test and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: The incidence of HA-CDI has significantly decreased from the pre-COVID-19 period to the COVID-19 period (11.04 per 10,000 vs 6.49 per 10,000, p < 0.001). Before establishing the HA-CDI diagnosis, 41.4 % of patients used one antibiotic, 25.9 % used two and 11.2 % were treated with three or more antibiotics. Almost one half of the applied antibiotics were from the group that represents high risk for the development of HA-CDI. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that older age (OR = 3.4;95 % CI = 0.9-12.4;p = 0.038) and complicated disease course (OR = 11.8;95 % CI = 2.6-53.6;p ≤ 0.001) were associated with a higher risk of death. Conclusion: The incidence of HA-CDI has decreased during the observed period of the COVID-19 pandemic, however, no clear connection between the impact of the pandemic and incidence reduction was found. Due to unfavourable outcome of the treatment of HA-CDI patients during COVID-19 pandemic, the rational use of antibiotics is necessary. © 2023 Knežević et al.

Contributing and hindrance factor to seek health care services in COVID-19 Pandemic

Introduction: In an effort to alleviate the outbreak of COVID-19, many countries have imposed drastic Lockdown, movement control or shelter in place orders on their residents. Aim(s): The attitudes and factors of people hold towards visiting health care services play an integral role in determining a society's readiness to accept behavioral change measures from health authorities. Material(s) and Method(s): A cross-sectional online survey of 220 Indian residents was conducted between 3rd April 2020 and 15th may 2020.1 Result: Findings showed that 79.09% is not visited to health facilities for COVID-19 and 20.91% sought medical help. Out of that majority 39.39% want to visit government hospital, 34.85% are visited private hospital, 15.15% are community health center, 6.06% are primary health center, and 3.03% are in rural Hospital and 1.52% private clinic. Contributing factor distribution shows that 98.18% are aware about COVID-19 disease condition majority 22.71% from Health Professionals. 74.09%, person acknowledges availability of health facility and 80% persons acknowledge advice and guidance from Government, friends, relatives made them to seek medical help for COVID-19. Hindrance factors shows 66.82% peoples hesitate to contact health facility for COVID-19 among them 41.26% due to Fear of isolation or quarantine and other factors like How to tell, Whom to tell, Fear of relationships with family and neighbors and. 49.55% people not visiting health care facilities due to fear of covid-19 positive diagnosis. 46.39% peoples are having fear of Quarantine foe so many days so not approaching to health care facilities. Conclusion(s): There are some other factors not to seek medical help are Responsibility of family, Fear of isolation by society, Somebody may discuss about them & Others health issues will open, Fear of breaking of relationship, Social stigma, Specialty doctors are available only in big cities, Lack of society support.Copyright © 2020 Ubiquity Press. All rights reserved.

Outbreak investigation: transmission of COVID-19 started from a spa facility in a local community in Korea.

OBJECTIVES: In Korea, there have been 10,480 confirmed cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as of April 11, 2020. We investigated the transmission of COVID-19 in a cluster of cases. METHODS: We analyzed the epidemiological characteristics of 10 confirmed COVID-19 patients in an outbreak that started at Spa facility A in a local community in Korea on March 28, 2020 and traced them through April 8, 2020. Epidemiological surveys and diagnostic tests were conducted for each contact, and the secondary attack rate was estimated. RESULTS: There were 3 male confirmed patients (30.0%) and 7 female confirmed patients (70.0%), and their mean age was 53.5 years (range, 2.0 to 73.0). Two patients (20.0%) were asymptomatic. The incubation period was between 3 days and 12 days. Three confirmed patients were infected at female's Spa facility A and 7 confirmed patients were second, third, and fourth generations of transmission. Seven confirmed patients contracted COVID-19 through presymptomatic contact. In total, 192 contacts were identified, with a secondary attack rate of 3.6%. Eighty-three contacts (43.2%) were aged 40-59 years, and the secondary attack rate was the highest (12.1%) in those aged ≥60 years. Most exposures (n=156, 81.3%) involved casual contact. The number of visitors using the female's spa facility was 58, including 3 confirmed patients, resulting in a secondary outbreak rate of 5.9%. CONCLUSIONS: This study presents a cluster of cases occurring in a setting with high temperature and humidity. The second, third, and fourth generations were transmitted through presymptomatic contact.

Infectious epidemics and the research output of nations: A data-driven analysis

During the last years, several infectious diseases have caused widespread nationwide epidemics that affected information seeking behaviours, people mobility, economics and research trends. Examples of these epidemics are 2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic in mainland China and Hong Kong, 2014–2016 Ebola epidemic in Guinea and Sierra Leone, 2015–2016 Zika epidemic in Brazil, Colombia and Puerto Rico and the recent COVID-19 epidemic in China and other countries. In this research article, we investigate the effect of large-scale outbreaks of infectious diseases on the research productivity and landscape of nations through the analysis of the research outputs of main countries affected by SARS, Zika and Ebola epidemics as returned by Web of Science Core Collection. Despite the mobility restrictions and the limitations of work conditions due to the epidemics, we surprisingly found that the research characteristics and productivity of the countries that have excellent or moderate research traditions and communities are not affected by infectious epidemics due to their robust long-term research structures and policy. Similarly, large-scale infectious outbreaks can even boost the research productivity of countries with limited research traditions thanks to international capacity building collaborations provided by organisations and associations from leading research countries.

Detection of pathogenic viruses in the urban wastewater in Kuwait-implications for monitoring viral disease outbreaks.

Effective surveillance for epidemic-prone viral diseases is essential for emergency preparedness to respond to threats and occurrences of pandemics. While it is difficult and expensive to conduct health facility-based surveillance, there is a growing interest in conducting sewage-based epidemiological studies to monitor the health of the urban population because of the relative ease of sample collection and the availability of advanced molecular techniques for the detection of pathogens in the sewage. Sewage samples offer unique means to study the aggregate health of the population as opposed to the monitoring of the health of any individual by traditional methods. We worked together with the Ministry of Public Works in Kuwait and developed a platform for the collection and testing of sewage samples from different regions of Kuwait for studying population health. In this report, we describe the results of a cross-sectional study conducted between 16 and 23 September 2019 in an attempt to detect influenza, Noro, Rota, hepatitis A, and hepatitis E viruses in urban sewage samples collected in Kuwait. All five targeted viruses were detected in the samples collected from urban wastewater in Kuwait using reverse-transcriptase quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). We recently checked for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in the stored cDNA samples and confirmed the absence of SARS-CoV-2 in them. This is the first report that demonstrates the preparedness in Kuwait for using sewage samples for the detection and monitoring of many pathogenic viruses which may greatly increase the capacity of the country to deal with a viral disease outbreak in the future.

The perinatal health challenges of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases: A narrative review.

The world has seen numerous infectious disease outbreaks in the past decade. In many cases these outbreaks have had considerable perinatal health consequences including increased risk of preterm delivery (e.g., influenza, measles, and COVID-19), and the delivery of low birth weight or small for gestational age babies (e.g., influenza, COVID-19). Furthermore, severe perinatal outcomes including perinatal and infant death are a known consequence of multiple infectious diseases (e.g., Ebola virus disease, Zika virus disease, pertussis, and measles). In addition to vaccination during pregnancy (where possible), pregnant women, are provided some level of protection from the adverse effects of infection through community-level application of evidence-based transmission-control methods. This review demonstrates that it takes almost 2 years for the perinatal impacts of an infectious disease outbreak to be reported. However, many infectious disease outbreaks between 2010 and 2020 have no associated pregnancy data reported in the scientific literature, or pregnancy data is reported in the form of case-studies only. This lack of systematic data collection and reporting has a negative impact on our understanding of these diseases and the implications they may have for pregnant women and their unborn infants. Monitoring perinatal health is an essential aspect of national and global healthcare strategies as perinatal life has a critical impact on early life mortality as well as possible effects on later life health. The unpredictable nature of emerging infections and the potential for adverse perinatal outcomes necessitate that we thoroughly assess pregnancy and perinatal health implications of disease outbreaks and their public health interventions in tandem with outbreak response efforts. Disease surveillance programs should incorporate perinatal health monitoring and health systems around the world should endeavor to continuously collect perinatal health data in order to quickly update pregnancy care protocols as needed.

Epidemiological, serological, and genetic evidence of influenza D virus infection in humans: is it a justifiable cause for concern?

As the world is still grappling with the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic that is caused by a new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), other viruses (e.g. influenza D virus or IDV) are lurking with a potential to become human pathogens of concern. Recent epidemiological, serological, and genetic evidence implicate human infections by the newly emerging IDV that might have important public health implications.

Building a resilient public health system for international migrant workers: a case study and policy brief for COVID-19 and beyond

Purpose - This article analyzes deficiencies in public health services for international migrant workers (IMWs) during the COVID-19 pandemic and provides a policy brief for improvement of the public health system. Design/methodology/approach - A COVID-19 outbreak that initially clustered in IMWs and further contributed to the resurgence of the disease across Thailand in December 2020 was analyzed to address the deficiencies in public health services based on the framework of the 10 Essential Public Health Services (EPHS). The EPHS framework was also applied to develop policy options and recommendations in the subsequent policy brief. Findings - This outbreak unveiled unique challenges that make IMWs more vulnerable to COVID-19. The public health system, challenged by the COVID-19 outbreak among IMWs, manifested deficiencies in the planning and implementation of all essential services. Delayed detection of the outbreak along with the lack of policy accommodating undocumented IMWs and the lack of equitable access to testing and treatment for COVID-19 resulted in the transmission of the disease that harmed the public at large. Originality/value - The comprehensive analysis of the deficiencies in public health services for IMWs enabled a clear description of problems that could be further prioritized by relevant stakeholders. The policy brief provides policymakers with evidence-based recommendations for improving public health services for IMWs during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond.

Identifying High-Risk Events for COVID-19 Transmission: Estimating the Risk of Clustering Using Nationwide Data.

The transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is known to be overdispersed, meaning that only a fraction of infected cases contributes to super-spreading. While cluster interventions are an effective measure for controlling pandemics due to the viruses' overdispersed nature, a quantitative assessment of the risk of clustering has yet to be sufficiently presented. Using systematically collected cluster surveillance data for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from June 2020 to June 2021 in Japan, we estimated the activity-dependent risk of clustering in 23 establishment types. The analysis indicated that elderly care facilities, welfare facilities for people with disabilities, and hospitals had the highest risk of clustering, with 4.65 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.43-4.87), 2.99 (2.59-3.46), and 2.00 (1.88-2.12) cluster reports per million event users, respectively. Risks in educational settings were higher overall among older age groups, potentially being affected by activities with close and uncontrollable contact during extracurricular hours. In dining settings, drinking and singing increased the risk by 10- to 70-fold compared with regular eating settings. The comprehensive analysis of the COVID-19 cluster records provides an additional scientific basis for the design of customized interventions.

Rapid SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence Survey in Central and Western Divisions of Fiji, 2021.

During November-December 2021, we performed a SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence survey in Central and Western Divisions of Fiji. A total of 539 participants 8-70 years of age were 95.5% (95% CI 93.4%-97.1%) seropositive, indicating high community levels of immunity. Seroprevalence studies can inform public health responses to emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Adapting Longstanding Public Health Collaborations between Government of Kenya and CDC Kenya in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic, 2020-2021.

Kenya's Ministry of Health (MOH) and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Kenya (CDC Kenya) have maintained a 40-year partnership during which measures were implemented to prevent, detect, and respond to disease threats. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the MOH and CDC Kenya rapidly responded to mitigate disease impact on Kenya's 52 million residents. We describe activities undertaken jointly by the MOH and CDC Kenya that lessened the effects of COVID-19 during 5 epidemic waves from March through December 2021. Activities included establishing national and county-level emergency operations centers and implementing workforce development and deployment, infection prevention and control training, laboratory diagnostic advancement, enhanced surveillance, and information management. The COVID-19 pandemic provided fresh impetus for the government of Kenya to establish a national public health institute, launched in January 2022, to consolidate its public health activities and counter COVID-19 and future infectious, vaccine-preventable, and emerging zoonotic diseases.

NOT JUST ESCAPISM—MEDICINE-RELATED FICTION FILMS AS THERAPEUTICAL AND EDUCATION TOOLS AMID PANDEMIC: A FILM AND LITERATURE RESEARCH

Background: During epidemic disease outbreaks, people’s daily lives are restricted by quarantine and social distancing measures that can affect not only their physical and mental health but also other aspects of their lives, including education. The quality of medical education has suffered amid the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, with on-site classes and conferences canceled or postponed. To address the resultant gaps in learning and supplement the rigors of formal medical teaching, recent research has suggested the use of nonfictional films. However, research on the educational and therapeutic value of fictional films is currently lacking. Methods: This study explored fiction films featuring medical practices, diseases, and treatments. The researcher conducted multiple searches using the largest internet movie databases (Internet Movie Database (IMDb), the American Film Institute Catalog, and the British Film Institute’s Collections Search) and literature research focusing on studies related to the value of films as visual learning and educational tools and their therapeutic effects on viewers in times of pandemics. Results: The researcher chose a representative selection of 20 films from over 100 years of cinematic history to educate and intellectually challenge practitioners under lockdown and use as a therapeutic tool. This study identified many ways films could be a potent instrument for medical education and a wide range of educational and therapeutic possibilities for use during public health crises. Medical fiction offers a highly entertaining and effective way to expand and improve medical knowledge and practices while respecting pandemic restrictions. The findings expand our knowledge on the value of medical fiction as an educational and therapeutic tool. Conclusions: Fictional films can be an advantageous, effective, and entertaining medium for educating physicians and improving their medical skills and practices. When public health crises or other concerns necessitate «work from home» and socially distanced conditions, movies can augment and enhance high-level medical learning and offer new perspectives that might be obscured in times of trauma, making them especially valuable for those struggling with the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. © 2022 The authors.

Exploration of Factors of Failure to Comply with Home Quarantine during the Outbreak of the COVID-19 Disease in Iran: A Qualitative Study

Introduction: Preventive self-care behaviors such as home quarantine are very important in preventing COVID-19. The aim of this study was to explore the factors of non-compliance with home quarantine during the outbreak of COVID-19. Methods: This study was conducted with a qualitative content analysis approach in 2020 in Iran. In order to collect information, 24 samples were selected by purposive sampling method and semi-structured interviews were conducted with them. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and the collected data were analyzed using the contractual content analysis approach using Elo and Kingas method. Results: Analyzing the data revealed in six main themes and fourteen main categories, including: necessities for everyday activities and living (with subthemes providing the necessities of life, forced by work/job insecurity, need for fun/entertainment, sports), mental instability in adults/children (with subthemes of mental states, restlessness of children), spiritual and religious beliefs (with subthemes of belief in fate and immunity/disease immunity, right to know death), managerial problems/confusion (with subthemes of government mismanagement, expectations from the government, economic turmoil), marital incompatibility (with subthemes domestic violence), adherence to socio-cultural patterns (with the subthemes of sociocultural factors). Conclusion: According to the results, it should be noted that several factors are contributing to non-compliance with home quarantine that it is necessary for the relevant authorities to take measures to remove these obstacles and provide the necessary facilities. © 2022 UPM Press. All rights reserved.

Revisiting the Term "Compassionate Use" and Leadership of the World Health Organization in Resolving Confusion in the Age of COVID-19 and Beyond.

We discuss the term "compassionate use" (CU) as an example of terminology having a huge impact on drug regulation. CU is used in many confusing situations, and its meaning varies significantly. We ethically affirm the necessity of CU. We insist that CU should be properly placed in exceptional status. The regulation of CUs is much more lenient than that of clinical trials because of the difference in the purpose. Whether consciously or unconsciously, abuse results in confusion and is never acceptable. The World Health Organization (WHO) proposed not to use the previous term CU but to replace it with another one. WHO also proposed the term MEURI (monitored emergency use of unregistered and experimental interventions). However, this was extremely incomplete, and WHO used the term CU subsequently. The main purpose of the proposal needs to be thoroughly implemented. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond, expectations regarding WHO's role and leadership in global health issues are rising. We hope that WHO will play a major role in promoting research ethics preparedness while discontinuing the use of confusing terms such as CU and will develop alternative terms and their content. We discuss the evaluation of MEURI, the Japanese version of CU, and appropriate and inappropriate terminology related to the therapeutic use of unapproved drugs. We also discuss the expected appearance of CU including its name. It is appropriate to target group/cohort patients and unapproved drugs in the late stage of development. It is also important to solve the problem of incentives for CUs of pharmaceutical companies that are rushing to obtain marketing approval. The UK's Early Access to Medicine Scheme has provided many suggestions. We believe that our opinion can contribute to WHO's efforts to resolve the confusion and promote research ethics preparedness in health emergencies.

A rapid review investigating the potential impact of a pandemic on the mental health of young people aged 12-25 years.

OBJECTIVES: In March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) officially declared the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a pandemic. Adolescence and early adulthood are peak times for the onset of mental health difficulties. Exposure to a pandemic during this vulnerable developmental period places young people at significant risk of negative psychological experiences. The objective of this research was to summarise existing evidence on the potential impact of a pandemic on the mental health of 12-25 year olds. METHODS: A rapid review of the published peer-reviewed literature, published between 1985 and 2020, using PsycINFO (Proquest) and Medline (Proquest) was conducted. Narrative synthesis was used across studies to identify key themes and concepts. RESULTS: This review found 3,359 papers, which was reduced to 12 papers for data extraction. Results regarding the prevalence of psychological difficulties in youth were mixed, with some studies finding this group experience heightened distress during an infectious disease outbreak, and others finding no age differences or higher distress among adults. Gender, coping, self-reported physical health and adoption of precautionary measures appear to play a role in moderating the psychological impact of an infectious disease outbreak. Most studies were conducted after the peak of an epidemic/pandemic or in the recovery period. CONCLUSIONS: More longitudinal research with young people, particularly adolescents in the general population, before and during the early stages of an infectious disease outbreak is needed to obtain a clear understanding of how best to support young people during these events.

Introducing the Disease Outbreak Resilience Index (DORI) Using the Demographic and Health Surveys Data from sub-Saharan Africa.

Although most studies on disease emergencies underscore the need for household readiness for shocks associated with disease outbreaks, no study to date has provided a holistic measure for profiling households based on their readiness toward disease outbreaks. This paper introduces a novel Disease Outbreak Resilience Index (DORI) using a multidimensional approach that draws on the Alkire-Foster methodology. DORI measures disease outbreak resilience in four dimensions: (a) water and hygiene, (b) physical distancing, (c) energy and communication, and (d) economic security and resilience. The paper details the development of DORI and its use by presenting findings from ten countries in sub-Saharan Africa using data from the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) program. In addition to serving as a resilience index, we illustrate how DORI can be used to produce a disease outbreak vulnerability index (DOVI). As a versatile index, the indicators under each dimension can be tailored to meet country- and region-specific contexts based on indicators appropriate to each context.

Impact of infectious disease epidemics on xenophobia: A systematic review.

Background Globally, xenophobia towards out-groups is frequently increased in times of economic and political instability, such as in infectious disease outbreaks. This systematic review aims to: (1) assess the xenophobic attitudes and behaviors towards migrants during disease outbreaks; and (2) identify adverse health outcomes linked to xenophobia. Methods We searched nine scientific databases to identify studies measuring xenophobic tendencies towards international migrants during disease outbreaks and evaluated the resulting adverse health effects. Results Eighteen articles were included in the review. The findings were grouped into: (1) xenophobia-related outcomes, including social exclusion, out-group avoidance, support for exclusionary health policies, othering, and germ aversion; and (2) mental health problems, such as anxiety and fear. Depending on the disease outbreak, different migrant populations were negatively affected, particularly Asians, Africans, and Latino people. Factors such as perceived vulnerability to disease, disgust sensitivity, medical mistrust individualism, collectivism, disease salience, social representation of disease and beliefs in different origins of disease were associated with xenophobia. Conclusions Overall, migrants can be a vulnerable population frequently blamed for spreading disease, promoting irrational fear, worry and stigma in various forms, thus leading to health inequities worldwide. It is urgent that societies adopt effective support strategies to combat xenophobia and structural forms of discrimination against migrants.

Psychological stress and influencing factors of hospital workers in different periods under the public health background of infectious disease outbreak: A cross-sectional study.

Background and Aims: It is well known that public health emergencies can affect the mental health of medical personnel, and many studies have focused on cross-sectional studies with short-term benefits. The present study aimed to investigate the long-term influence of infectious disease outbreak about the mental health of hospital staff. Methods: The demographic characteristics and mental health status of staff in Fuzhou, China, were analyzed by using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) Scale and Depression Screening Scale (9-item Patient Health Questionnaire [PHQ-9]) in February and December 2020. Results: There were no significant differences in anxiety levels during different time periods (p > 0.05), but there were significant differences among anxiety level and total score of GAD-7 scale (p < 0.001). There were significant differences among the number of people with depression, depression level, and total score on the PHQ-9 scale (p < 0.001). As the pandemic progressed, total scores of anxiety in medical staff with different titles decreased (p < 0.05), but depression scores in professionals with intermediate and senior titles increased significantly (p < 0.05). changes in anxiety and depression scores during different time periods also changed according to hospital worker specialty. Total scores of anxiety in doctors, nurses, medical technicians, and other staff members all decreased (p < 0.05), while total scores of depression in doctors, nurses, and other staff members significantly increased (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in total depression score among medical technicians (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Since the outbreak of an infectious disease public health emergency, the anxiety of hospital staff has decreased over time, but the depression has increased. The management and psychological support personnel in medical institutions should continue to pay attention to the mental health of medical staff, and it is necessary to take different intervention measures in different periods when implementing the psychological crisis prevention mechanism.